智能仿生偽裝材料

Intelligent biomimetic camouflage materials

偽裝是對抗偵察和攻擊的關(guān)鍵技術(shù), 是保障工程生存能力的重要手段?，F(xiàn)代戰(zhàn)爭條件下,偽裝材料必須具備多波段和多時段自適應(yīng)的偽裝性能, 在抵御不同波段的偵察的同時, 隨不同時段的環(huán)境改變而智能變化一些高分子智能材料能夠兼容可見光、近紅外和熱紅外三個波段的反射光譜特征, 并屏蔽雷達和探測器, 具備與背景同步變化的自適應(yīng)能力, 與自然界的背景及植物特性基本一致。將其與纖維材料復(fù)合, 就能研制出多波段、自適應(yīng)的智能化復(fù)合偽裝材料。

Disguise is a key technology for countering reconnaissance and attacks, and an important means of ensuring the survival capability of engineering. Under the conditions of modern warfare, camouflage materials must possess adaptive camouflage performance in multiple bands and periods. While resisting reconnaissance in different bands, some polymer intelligent materials can intelligently change with changes in the environment in different periods. Some polymer intelligent materials can be compatible with the reflection spectral characteristics of visible light, near-infrared, and thermal infrared bands, and shield radar and detectors, possessing the adaptive ability to change synchronously with the background, Basically consistent with the natural background and plant characteristics. By combining it with fiber materials, a multi band, adaptive intelligent composite camouflage material can be developed.

高分子智能材料

Polymer intelligent materials

凝膠材料

Gel material

國內(nèi)外對于高分子智能凝膠的研究較為活躍, 主要包括凝膠結(jié)構(gòu)、凝膠功能以及凝膠應(yīng)用方面的研究。在凝膠應(yīng)用方面, 主要側(cè)重于緩釋凝膠、形狀記憶凝膠、潛熱儲熱凝膠等方面的研究開發(fā)。在凝膠的功能及其與纖維材料的復(fù)合方面取得了一定的進展, 并為高分子凝膠仿生偽裝材料的研制提供了方向和借鑒。

The research on polymer intelligent gel is relatively active at home and abroad, mainly including the research on gel structure, gel function and gel application. In the application of gel, it mainly focuses on the research and development of sustained-release gel, shape memory gel and latent heat storage gel. Some progress has been made in the function of gel and its composite with fiber materials, which provides direction and reference for the development of polymer gel bionic camouflage materials.

葉綠素仿生材料

Chlorophyll biomimetic materials

高譜成像是一種全新的對地觀測技術(shù)，光譜分辨率能達到5nm到10nm，分辨目標(biāo)與背景的微小差異。對抗高譜偵查，必須使目標(biāo)與背景在光譜特征上匹配。而對葉片進行仿生, 研制出和植被葉片反射光譜特征高度相似的仿生偽裝材料, 可以有效實現(xiàn)該目標(biāo)。

High spectral imaging is a novel Earth observation technique with spectral resolution ranging from 5nm to 10nm, which can distinguish small differences between targets and backgrounds. To counter hyperspectral reconnaissance, it is necessary to match the target with the background in terms of spectral characteristics. Developing biomimetic camouflage materials with highly similar reflective spectral characteristics to vegetation leaves through biomimetic modeling can effectively achieve this goal.

葉片中富含的葉綠素對可見光波段的反射光譜起決定作用, 其特征吸收使反射光譜的反射率在可見光譜范圍內(nèi)整體較低, 這也是植被肉眼看上去呈綠色的原因;葉片中的水分是決定短波紅外波段 (1300nm之后) 的主要因素, 葉片在1440nm和1920nm處出現(xiàn)的兩個水分吸收谷是其特征吸收所致。

The chlorophyll rich in leaves plays a decisive role in the visible light reflection spectrum, and its characteristic absorption results in a lower overall reflectance of the reflection spectrum within the visible spectrum range, which is also the reason why vegetation appears green to the naked eye; The moisture in the leaves is the main factor determining the shortwave infrared band (after 1300nm), and the two water absorption valleys that appear in the leaves at 1440nm and 1920nm are due to their characteristic absorption.

高強纖維材料

High strength fiber materials

高強度的纖維材料具有阻燃燒、耐磨損、制作偽裝遮障等多種用途。將其用于偽裝材料時, 可將其與適應(yīng)周圍背景的色調(diào)結(jié)合, 變換組合, 提高偽裝目標(biāo)的可見光波段的光譜反射系數(shù), 從而使其與地物環(huán)境背景 (如沙石、林地、草坪、枯葉、泥土等) 的反射系數(shù)相近。如此便可在肉眼的觀測上使偽裝目標(biāo)和地物背景的亮度接近, 從而達到降低偽裝目標(biāo)顯著性的效果。

High strength fiber materials have various uses such as flame retardancy, wear resistance, and making camouflage and shielding. When using it as a camouflage material, it can be combined with the color tone that adapts to the surrounding background, transformed and combined to improve the spectral reflection coefficient of the camouflage target in the visible light band, so that it is similar to the reflection coefficient of the ground environment background (such as sand, rocks, forests, lawns, dead leaves, soil, etc.). In this way, the brightness of the camouflage target and the ground background can be observed with the naked eye, thereby achieving the effect of reducing the saliency of the camouflage target.

對同一種偽裝材料而言, 同時具備雷達波段高吸收和紅外低發(fā)射率十分困難。因此, 可以在制備時, 通過多種結(jié)構(gòu)、多層材料復(fù)合的方式, 來達到偽裝材料多波段偽裝的目標(biāo)。通過遮障和隱蔽的手段達到反紅外偽裝的目的;通過融合變形的方式以實現(xiàn)反可見光偽裝的目標(biāo);通過雷達波的方法吸收實現(xiàn)了反雷達偽裝目標(biāo);用多層復(fù)合的方式, 有效地將光學(xué)、力學(xué)和電磁等不同方面?zhèn)窝b需求分散到不同結(jié)構(gòu)面層上, 終取得了綜合偽裝的效果。這一思路也是未來制備多波段仿生偽裝材料的一個方向。

It is very difficult for the same camouflage material to have both high radar absorption and low infrared emissivity. Therefore, the goal of multi band camouflage of camouflage materials can be achieved through multiple structures and multi-layer material composites during preparation. To achieve the purpose of anti infrared camouflage through blocking and concealment methods; To achieve the goal of anti visible light camouflage through fusion deformation; By absorbing radar waves, anti radar camouflage targets were achieved; By using a multi-layer composite approach, the camouflage requirements of optics, mechanics, and electromagnetism are effectively dispersed onto different structural surface layers, ultimately achieving a comprehensive camouflage effect. This approach is also a direction for the future preparation of multi band biomimetic camouflage materials.

仿生材料的偽裝效果

The camouflage effect of biomimetic materials

通過下圖可以看出, 葉綠素仿生偽裝材料與樟樹葉片的反射光譜呈現(xiàn)出很高的相似度, 部分波段仿生偽裝材料的反射率略高于樟樹葉片, 并且未來可以通過改變材料的成分和配比，以實現(xiàn)反射光譜更好的重合從而達到更好的偽裝效果。

From the figure below, it can be seen that the chlorophyll biomimetic camouflage material exhibits a high similarity in the reflection spectra of camphor tree leaves. In some bands, the reflectivity of biomimetic camouflage materials is slightly higher than that of camphor tree leaves. In the future, by changing the composition and ratio of the materials, better overlap of the reflection spectra can be achieved to achieve better camouflage effects.

此外, 具有隱身效果的生物材料制成的偽裝衣, 也將引領(lǐng)該領(lǐng)域的發(fā)展趨勢, 在未來戰(zhàn)場上為提高戰(zhàn)斗力和減少傷亡損失提供有力支持。偽裝衣就是具有全波譜變色效果的一種變色蛋白纖維。用這種纖維可以做能成變色的織物, 隨著外界環(huán)境的改變而自動變色。目前國外正在研究一款自適應(yīng)生物偽裝衣, 不僅能夠隨著周圍背景環(huán)境變化而變色, 而且還能屏蔽各類探測器的偵察監(jiān)視。

In addition, camouflage suits made of biomaterials with stealth effects will also lead the development trend in this field, providing strong support for improving combat effectiveness and reducing casualties in future battlefields. A camouflage suit is a type of color changing protein fiber that has a full spectrum color changing effect. This type of fiber can be used to make fabrics that can change color automatically with changes in the external environment. At present, a self-adaptive biological camouflage suit is being studied abroad, which can not only change color with changes in the surrounding background environment, but also shield various detectors from reconnaissance and surveillance.

高分子智能仿生偽裝材料，能模仿植物和背景特征，從而達到對抗新型偵查探測手段的目標(biāo)，是一種很有前景的偽裝材料。

Polymer intelligent biomimetic camouflage materials can mimic plant and background characteristics, thereby achieving the goal of countering new reconnaissance and detection methods, and are a very promising camouflage material.

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